Species

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Pachodynerus guadulpensis (Saussure, 1852)

Odynerus guadulpensis Saussure, 1852:154 (key), 182, ♀.La Guadeloupe (Musée de Paris); Menke, 1986Menke, A.S. 1986. A new Pachodynerus from Mayaguana Island, Bahamas, and a key to the West Indian species of the genus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (4):650-665.:569, Type ♀ (Mus. Paris). - Smith, 1857Smith, F. 1857. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part V. Vespidae. London. 147 pp. (distribution); Dalla Torre, 1894Dalla Torre, C.G. 1894. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus, IX. Vespidae (Diploptera). Guilelmi Engelmann, 181. (distribution); Zavattari, 1912Zavattari, E. 1912. Materialien für eine Monographie der Neotropischen Eumeniden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 78:1-272. (distribution). - As Pachodynerus guadalupensis: - Ruíz-Cancino & Coronado-Blanco, 2002Ruíz-Cancino, E. & J.M. Coronado-Blanco 2002. Artrópodos terrestres de los estados de Tamaulipas y Nuevo León, México. Serie Publicaciones Cientificas No. 4:1-376. (distribution). - As Pachodynerus guadulpensis: - Bequaert, 1948Bequaert, J.C. 1948. The genus Pachodynerus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in the Antilles. Psyche 55 (3):105-112. (distribution); Evans, 1972Evans, H.E. 1972. Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica: Aculeate Wasps (Hymenoptera: Scolioidea, Vespoidea, Pompiloidea, Sphecoidea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 115:1-19. (distribution); Menke, 1986Menke, A.S. 1986. A new Pachodynerus from Mayaguana Island, Bahamas, and a key to the West Indian species of the genus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (4):650-665. (distribution); Starr & Hook, 2003Starr, C.K. & Hook, A.W. 2003. The aculeate Hymenoptera of Trinidad, West Indies. Occasional Papers o the Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies 12:1-31. (distribution); Rasmussen & Asenjo, 2009Rasmussen, C. & A. Asenjo 2009. A checklist to the wasps of Peru (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). ZooKeys 15:1-78. (distribution); Carpenter & Genaro, 2011Carpenter, J.M. & Genaro, J.A. 2011. Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 202:1-35. (distribution); Carpenter et al., 2012Carpenter, J.M., B.R. Garcete-Barrett & Y.J.A.F. López 2012. Las Vespidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) de Guatemala. In: Cano, E.B. & J.C. Schuster (Ed.). Biodiversidad de Guatemala. Volumen 2. 269-279. (distribution); Silvestre et al., 2014Silvestre, R., M.F. Demétrio, B.M. Trad, F. Varussa & O. Lima 2014. Diversity and distribution of Hymenoptera Aculeata in Midwestern Brazilian dry forests. In: Greer, F.E. (Ed.). Dry Forests. 29-80. (distribution); Medina, 2016Medina Rosa, J.R. 2016. Avispas de Puerto Rico - Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Apocrita (Aculeata). Ediciones Digitales, 1-23. (distribution); Meurgey & Ramage, 2020Meurgey, F. & T. Ramage 2020. Challenging the Wallacean shortfall: A total assessment of insect diversity on Guadeloupe (French West Indies), a checklist and bibliography. Insecta Mundi 786:1-183. (distribution).
Odynerus praecox Saussure, 1856:254, ♀.L'Amérique du Sud depuis l'Uruguay jusqu'aux missions (Musée de Paris). - Dalla Torre, 1894Dalla Torre, C.G. 1894. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus, IX. Vespidae (Diploptera). Guilelmi Engelmann, 181. (distribution); Zavattari, 1912Zavattari, E. 1912. Materialien für eine Monographie der Neotropischen Eumeniden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 78:1-272. (distribution); Carpenter & Vecht, 1991Carpenter, J.M. & J. van der Vecht 1991. A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 60 (3):211-241.:237 (listed). - As Pachodynerus praecops: - Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2005Ruíz-Cancino, E., J.M. Coronado-Blanco & J.V. Horta Vega 2005. Conocimiento actual de las avispas depredadoras (Hymenoptera) en Tamaulipas, México. In: Lozano, L. B., A.C. Sandoval, J.V.H. Vega & J.G. Jiménez (Ed.). Biodiversidad tamaulipeca: vol. 1. 164-170. (distribution). - As Pachodynerus praecox: - Bequaert, 1929Bequaert, J.C. 1929. The folded-winged wasps of the Bermudas, with some preliminary remarks on insular wasp faunae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 22 (4):555-582. (distribution); Carpenter, 1986Carpenter, J.M. 1986. The genus Pachodynerus in North America (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (3):572-577. (distribution); Carpenter & Vecht, 1991Carpenter, J.M. & J. van der Vecht 1991. A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 60 (3):211-241. (distribution); West-Eberhard et al., 1995West-Eberhard, M.J., J.M. Carpenter & P.E. Hanson 1995. The vespid wasps (Vespidae). In: Hanson, P.E. & I.D. Gauld (Ed.). The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. 561-587. (distribution); Ruíz-Cancino & Coronado-Blanco, 2002Ruíz-Cancino, E. & J.M. Coronado-Blanco 2002. Artrópodos terrestres de los estados de Tamaulipas y Nuevo León, México. Serie Publicaciones Cientificas No. 4:1-376. (distribution); Starr & Hook, 2003Starr, C.K. & Hook, A.W. 2003. The aculeate Hymenoptera of Trinidad, West Indies. Occasional Papers o the Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies 12:1-31. (distribution); Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2010Ruíz-Cancino, E., D.R. Kasparyan, J.M. Coronado-Blanco, S.N. Myartseva, V.A. Trjapitzin, S.G. Hernández Aguilar & J. García Jiménez 2010. Himenópteros de la Reserva “El Cielo”, Tamaulipas, México. Dugesiana 17 (1):53-71. (distribution); Vanoye-Eligio et al., 2015Vanoye-Eligio, M., V. Meléndez-Ramírez, R. Ayala, J. Navarro-Alberto & H. Delfín-González 2015. Avispas depredadoras de áreas naturales protegidas del estado de Yucatán, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 86:989-997. (distribution).
Odynerus zonatus Saussure, 1870:57, ♂.Cayenna. - Dalla Torre, 1894Dalla Torre, C.G. 1894. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus, IX. Vespidae (Diploptera). Guilelmi Engelmann, 181. (distribution); Zavattari, 1912Zavattari, E. 1912. Materialien für eine Monographie der Neotropischen Eumeniden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 78:1-272. (distribution); Carpenter, 1986Carpenter, J.M. 1986. The genus Pachodynerus in North America (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (3):572-577. (distribution), 575 ( listed as synonym of Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)).
Odynerus grenadensis Ashmead, 1900:234, ♂♀. 10 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, Grenada - St George's (Leeward side), Lectotype ♀, St. Georges, Grenada (USNM), designated by Menke, 1986Menke, A.S. 1986. A new Pachodynerus from Mayaguana Island, Bahamas, and a key to the West Indian species of the genus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (4):650-665.:569. - Ashmead, 1900Ashmead, W.H. 1900. Report upon the aculeate Hymenoptera of the islands of St. Vincent and Grenada, with additions to the parasitic Hymenoptera and a list of the described Hymenoptera of the West Indies. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London pt. II:207-367. (distribution); Bequaert, 1948Bequaert, J.C. 1948. The genus Pachodynerus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in the Antilles. Psyche 55 (3):105-112.:108 ( listed as synonym of Pachodynerus guadulpensis (Saussure, 1852)); Menke, 1986Menke, A.S. 1986. A new Pachodynerus from Mayaguana Island, Bahamas, and a key to the West Indian species of the genus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (4):650-665.:659 ( listed as synonym of Pachodynerus guadulpensis (Saussure, 1852)).
Odynerus sancti-vincenti Ashmead, 1900:233, ♂♀. 2 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, St. Vincent - Kingstown (Windward side), Lectotype ♀, Kingstown, St. Vincent (USNM), designated by Menke, 1986Menke, A.S. 1986. A new Pachodynerus from Mayaguana Island, Bahamas, and a key to the West Indian species of the genus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (4):650-665.:569. - Ashmead, 1900Ashmead, W.H. 1900. Report upon the aculeate Hymenoptera of the islands of St. Vincent and Grenada, with additions to the parasitic Hymenoptera and a list of the described Hymenoptera of the West Indies. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London pt. II:207-367. (distribution); Menke, 1986Menke, A.S. 1986. A new Pachodynerus from Mayaguana Island, Bahamas, and a key to the West Indian species of the genus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (4):650-665.:659 ( listed as synonym of Pachodynerus guadulpensis (Saussure, 1852)). - As Pachodynerus guadulpensis sancti-vincenti: - Bequaert, 1948Bequaert, J.C. 1948. The genus Pachodynerus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in the Antilles. Psyche 55 (3):105-112. (distribution), 108 (comb. nov. & stat. nov.).
Odynerus astræus Cameron, 1905:390, ♂♀. ♂, ♀, Mexico; Bohart, 1965Bohart, R.M. 1965. Synonymy of North American Odynerini described by Peter Cameron. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 41 (2):107-113.:108, Holotype ♀ (BMNH). - Carpenter, 1986Carpenter, J.M. 1986. The genus Pachodynerus in North America (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (3):572-577.:575 ( listed as synonym of Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)). - As Pachodynerus astraeus: - Krombein et al., 1979Krombein, K.V., P.D. Hurd, D.R. Smith & B.D. Burks 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 2. Apocrita (Aculeata). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 1199-2209. (distribution).
Pachodynerus validus Brèthes, 1906:343 - Carpenter, 1986Carpenter, J.M. 1986. The genus Pachodynerus in North America (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (3):572-577. (distribution), 575 ( listed as synonym of Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)).
Odynerus pulverulenta Viereck, 1908:406 - Krombein et al., 1979Krombein, K.V., P.D. Hurd, D.R. Smith & B.D. Burks 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 2. Apocrita (Aculeata). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 1199-2209.:1499 ( listed as synonym of Pachodynerus astraeus (Cameron, 1905)).
Odynerus acuticarinatus Cameron, 1909:82, ♀. Holotype ♀, Nogales, Arizona (leg. Oslar); Bohart, 1965Bohart, R.M. 1965. Synonymy of North American Odynerini described by Peter Cameron. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 41 (2):107-113.:108, Holotype ♀ (BMNH); Carpenter, 1986Carpenter, J.M. 1986. The genus Pachodynerus in North America (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (3):572-577.:573, Type ♀ (BMNH). Synonymized with Pachodynerus astraeus (Cameron, 1905) by Bohart, 1965Bohart, R.M. 1965. Synonymy of North American Odynerini described by Peter Cameron. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 41 (2):107-113.:108. - Krombein et al., 1979Krombein, K.V., P.D. Hurd, D.R. Smith & B.D. Burks 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 2. Apocrita (Aculeata). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 1199-2209.:1499 ( listed as synonym of Pachodynerus astraeus (Cameron, 1905)). - As Pachodynerus acuticarinatus: - Bequaert, 1948Bequaert, J.C. 1948. The genus Pachodynerus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in the Antilles. Psyche 55 (3):105-112. (distribution); Carpenter, 1986Carpenter, J.M. 1986. The genus Pachodynerus in North America (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (3):572-577. (distribution); Ruíz-Cancino & Coronado-Blanco, 2002Ruíz-Cancino, E. & J.M. Coronado-Blanco 2002. Artrópodos terrestres de los estados de Tamaulipas y Nuevo León, México. Serie Publicaciones Cientificas No. 4:1-376. (distribution); Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2005Ruíz-Cancino, E., J.M. Coronado-Blanco & J.V. Horta Vega 2005. Conocimiento actual de las avispas depredadoras (Hymenoptera) en Tamaulipas, México. In: Lozano, L. B., A.C. Sandoval, J.V.H. Vega & J.G. Jiménez (Ed.). Biodiversidad tamaulipeca: vol. 1. 164-170. (distribution); Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2010Ruíz-Cancino, E., D.R. Kasparyan, J.M. Coronado-Blanco, S.N. Myartseva, V.A. Trjapitzin, S.G. Hernández Aguilar & J. García Jiménez 2010. Himenópteros de la Reserva “El Cielo”, Tamaulipas, México. Dugesiana 17 (1):53-71. (distribution).

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Area distribution map

map of Pachodynerus guadulpensis (Saussure, 1852)

Distribution

ARGArgentina
 (Carpenter, 1986 [as Pachodynerus validus Brèthes, 1906]; Ruíz-Cancino & Coronado-Blanco, 2002)
ATGAntigua and Barbuda
 (Bequaert, 1948; Menke, 1986)
BRABrazil
 (Dalla Torre, 1894 [as Odynerus praecox Saussure, 1856]; Zavattari, 1912 [as Odynerus zonatus Saussure, 1870]; Carpenter & Vecht, 1991 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)]; Silvestre et al., 2014; Vanoye-Eligio et al., 2015 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)])
BRBBarbados
 (Bequaert, 1948; Menke, 1986)
COLColombia
 (Zavattari, 1912 [as Odynerus zonatus Saussure, 1870])
CRICosta Rica
 (West-Eberhard et al., 1995 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)])
DMADominica
 (Bequaert, 1948; Evans, 1972; Menke, 1986)
GLPGuadeloupe
 (Saussure, 1852; Smith, 1857; Zavattari, 1912; Bequaert, 1948; Menke, 1986; Meurgey & Ramage, 2020)
GRDGrenada
 (Ashmead, 1900 [as Odynerus grenadensis Ashmead, 1900]; Bequaert, 1948; Menke, 1986; Menke, 1986 [as Odynerus grenadensis Ashmead, 1900])
GTMGuatemala
 (Dalla Torre, 1894; Carpenter et al., 2012)
GUFFrench Guiana
 (Saussure, 1870 [as Odynerus zonatus Saussure, 1870]; Dalla Torre, 1894 [as Odynerus zonatus Saussure, 1870]; Zavattari, 1912 [as Odynerus zonatus Saussure, 1870]; Carpenter, 1986 [as Odynerus zonatus Saussure, 1870])
LCASaint Lucia
 (Bequaert, 1948; Menke, 1986)
MEXMexico
 (Cameron, 1905 [as Odynerus astraeus Cameron, 1905]; Bohart, 1965 [as Odynerus astraeus Cameron, 1905]; Krombein et al., 1979 [as Pachodynerus astraeus (Cameron, 1905)])
MEX-BaCMexico - Baja California
 (Ruíz-Cancino & Coronado-Blanco, 2002 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)]; Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2010 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)]; Vanoye-Eligio et al., 2015 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)])
MEX-DurMexico - Durango
 (Carpenter, 1986 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)]; Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2010 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)])
MEX-GueMexico - Guerrero
 (Carpenter, 1986 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)]; Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2010 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)])
MEX-HidMexico - Hidalgo
 (Ruíz-Cancino & Coronado-Blanco, 2002 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)]; Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2010 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)]; Vanoye-Eligio et al., 2015 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)])
MEX-JalMexico - Jalisco
 (Carpenter, 1986 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)]; Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2010 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)])
MEX-MorMexico - Morelos
 (Carpenter, 1986 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)]; Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2010 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)])
MEX-PueMexico - Puebla
 (Carpenter, 1986 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)]; Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2010 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)])
MEX-TamMexico - Tamaulipas
 (Carpenter, 1986 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)]; Ruíz-Cancino & Coronado-Blanco, 2002; Ruíz-Cancino & Coronado-Blanco, 2002 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)]; Ruíz-Cancino & Coronado-Blanco, 2002 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)]; Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2005 [as Pachodynerus praecops (Saussure, 1856)]; Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2005 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)]; Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2010 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)]; Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2010 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)]; Vanoye-Eligio et al., 2015 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)])
MEX-VdIMexico - Veracruz
 (Carpenter, 1986 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)]; Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2010 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)])
MEX-YucMexico - Yucatán
 (Vanoye-Eligio et al., 2015 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)])
MSRMontserrat
 (Bequaert, 1948; Menke, 1986)
MTQMartinique
 (Bequaert, 1948; Menke, 1986)
PERPeru
 (Zavattari, 1912 [as Odynerus praecox Saussure, 1856]; Rasmussen & Asenjo, 2009; Vanoye-Eligio et al., 2015 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)])
PRIPuerto Rico
 (Carpenter & Genaro, 2011; Medina, 2016)
PRYParaguay
 (Zavattari, 1912 [as Odynerus praecox Saussure, 1856]; Vanoye-Eligio et al., 2015 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)])
SURSuriname
 (Zavattari, 1912 [as Odynerus zonatus Saussure, 1870])
TTOTrinidad and Tobago
 (Bequaert, 1929 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)]; Starr & Hook, 2003; Starr & Hook, 2003 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)])
URYUruguay
 (Dalla Torre, 1894 [as Odynerus praecox Saussure, 1856])
USAUnited States
 (Vanoye-Eligio et al., 2015 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)])
USA-AZUnited States - Arizona
 (Cameron, 1909 [as Odynerus acuticarinatus Cameron, 1909]; Bequaert, 1948 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)]; Bohart, 1965 [as Odynerus acuticarinatus Cameron, 1909]; Carpenter, 1986 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)]; Carpenter, 1986 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)]; Carpenter, 1986 [as Odynerus acuticarinatus Cameron, 1909]; Ruíz-Cancino & Coronado-Blanco, 2002)
USA-CAUnited States - California
 (Krombein et al., 1979 [as Pachodynerus astraeus (Cameron, 1905)]; Carpenter, 1986 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)])
USA-TXUnited States - Texas
 (Bequaert, 1948 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)]; Krombein et al., 1979 [as Pachodynerus astraeus (Cameron, 1905)]; Carpenter, 1986 [as Pachodynerus praecox (Saussure, 1856)]; Carpenter, 1986 [as Pachodynerus acuticarinatus (Cameron, 1909)]; Ruíz-Cancino & Coronado-Blanco, 2002)
VCTSaint Vincent and the Grenadines
 (Ashmead, 1900 [as Odynerus sancti-vincenti Ashmead, 1900]; Bequaert, 1948; Bequaert, 1948 [as Pachodynerus guadulpensis sancti-vincenti (Ashmead, 1900)]; Menke, 1986; Menke, 1986 [as Odynerus sancti-vincenti Ashmead, 1900])

Literature

  • Ashmead, W.H. 1900. Report upon the aculeate Hymenoptera of the islands of St. Vincent and Grenada, with additions to the parasitic Hymenoptera and a list of the described Hymenoptera of the West Indies. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London pt. II:207-367.
  • Bequaert, J.C. 1929. The folded-winged wasps of the Bermudas, with some preliminary remarks on insular wasp faunae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 22 (4):555-582.
  • Bequaert, J.C. 1948. The genus Pachodynerus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in the Antilles. Psyche 55 (3):105-112.
  • Bohart, R.M. 1965. Synonymy of North American Odynerini described by Peter Cameron. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 41 (2):107-113.
  • Cameron, P. 1905. Description of four new species of Odynerus from Mexico. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 31:389-391.
  • Cameron, P. 1909. On some Diplopteryga from the southwest of North America. Pomona Journal of Entomology and Zoology 1 (3):78-85.
  • Carpenter, J.M. 1986. The genus Pachodynerus in North America (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (3):572-577.
  • Carpenter, J.M. & Genaro, J.A. 2011. Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 202:1-35.
  • Carpenter, J.M. & J. van der Vecht 1991. A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 60 (3):211-241.
  • Carpenter, J.M., B.R. Garcete-Barrett & Y.J.A.F. López 2012. Las Vespidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) de Guatemala. In: Cano, E.B. & J.C. Schuster (Ed.). Biodiversidad de Guatemala. Volumen 2. 269-279.
  • Dalla Torre, C.G. 1894. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus, IX. Vespidae (Diploptera). Guilelmi Engelmann, 181.
  • Evans, H.E. 1972. Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica: Aculeate Wasps (Hymenoptera: Scolioidea, Vespoidea, Pompiloidea, Sphecoidea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 115:1-19.
  • Krombein, K.V., P.D. Hurd, D.R. Smith & B.D. Burks 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 2. Apocrita (Aculeata). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 1199-2209.
  • Medina Rosa, J.R. 2016. Avispas de Puerto Rico - Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Apocrita (Aculeata). Ediciones Digitales, 1-23.
  • Menke, A.S. 1986. A new Pachodynerus from Mayaguana Island, Bahamas, and a key to the West Indian species of the genus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88 (4):650-665.
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